What term describes the combination of musical notes that produces chords and chord progressions?

The correct term for the combination of musical notes that produces chords and chord progressions is harmony. Harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of different musical notes to create a pleasing sound, which is essential in forming chords. These chords can then progress through various sequences, creating depth and richness in music. Harmony is foundational in most musical genres, as it supports melodies and enhances the overall structure of a piece.

Other options like diction, which relates to pronunciation and enunciation in singing, stagger breathing, a technique used to manage breath during a performance, and tenuto, which indicates holding a note for its full value, do not pertain to the combination of musical notes or chord progressions.