What symbol is used to indicate a softer dynamic?

The "p" symbol, which stands for "piano," is indeed used to indicate a softer dynamic in music. When musicians see this symbol, they understand that they should perform the music quietly. In the context of dynamics, "piano" is a standard term used across various musical styles to convey softness in sound.

The other choices refer to different dynamic levels. For example, "f" symbolizes "forte," which indicates a loud dynamic, while "mf" stands for "mezzo-forte," a moderate loudness. The "mp" symbol for "mezzo-piano" signifies a dynamic level that is slightly louder than "piano" but still softer than "mezzo-forte." Understanding these terms and symbols is essential for musicians to accurately interpret and perform the composer's intentions regarding volume and expression.