What is the meaning of "ad libitum" in a musical context?

In a musical context, "ad libitum" refers to the freedom given to the performer to improvise or vary their performance as they see fit. This term allows musicians the flexibility to express their creativity, making interpretations of the music more personal and spontaneous. When a piece of music is marked "ad libitum," performers are encouraged to adapt their renditions—whether through embellishments, tempo changes, or other stylistic choices—based on their artistic judgment and comfort.

This concept stands in contrast to strict directives that require adherence to the written score, such as those that indicate precision in timing and dynamics. "Ad libitum" fosters a more dynamic interaction with the music, inviting originality and personal expression, which is core to many performing arts.