What does the term "tonality" refer to in music?

Tonality in music refers to the organization of musical compositions around a central pitch or key, which serves as the foundation upon which melodies and harmonies are built. This central pitch is often called the tonic, and it provides a sense of resolution and coherence within a piece. In Western music, most compositions are structured around a major or minor key, which indicates the specific set of notes and relationships that define the piece.

Understanding tonality is essential for grasping how music conveys emotion and structure. It influences the way melodies are perceived, how chords are constructed, and ultimately how a listener experiences the piece as a whole. As musicians perform and interpret music, their awareness of tonality helps them to communicate the underlying feeling and intent of the composition effectively.

The other concepts mentioned, such as speed, mood, and volume, relate to different musical elements but do not define tonality. Speed refers to the tempo, mood captures the emotional character of the piece, and volume deals with dynamics, none of which encompass the organizational structure defined by tonality.