What does "modulation" refer to in music?

Modulation refers to the process of changing from one key to another within a piece of music. This technique is essential for adding variety, contrast, and emotional depth to music. It can create a sense of movement and progression, guiding the listener through different tonal landscapes.

For instance, a piece may start in C major and modulate to E major, which often introduces new themes or develops existing ideas in a fresh context. This change can heighten musical tension and interest, leading to climactic moments or providing resolution after a build-up. Understanding modulation is fundamental for composers and performers, as it greatly influences the overall structure and impact of a musical work.

The other options, while related to music, do not capture the specific concept of changing keys. Dynamic use deals with volume variations, transitioning between styles focuses on genre shifts, and recording effects pertain to audio manipulation techniques.