What does "mezzo forte" mean in dynamics?

"Mezzo forte" is a term used in music dynamics that indicates a moderately loud volume. The term itself comes from Italian, where "mezzo" means "medium" or "moderate," and "forte" means "loud." Therefore, when a composer marks a section of music as mezzo forte, they are instructing the performers to play or sing at a volume that is louder than "piano" (soft) but not as loud as "forte" (loud). This dynamic creates a balanced sound that allows for expressive interpretation without overwhelming the other parts of the music.

Understanding this term is essential for musicians, as it helps communicate the intended emotional delivery in a piece.