What does "call and response" mean in vocal music?

The concept of "call and response" in vocal music refers to a musical form in which one voice or musical phrase (the "call") is immediately followed by another voice or response (the "response"). This interaction can create a dynamic and engaging musical conversation, typically characterized by an exchange where the first part sets up a prompt that is answered by a second part.

In various musical traditions, especially in African and African-derived music, call and response serves as a fundamental structure, allowing for communal participation. It encourages listeners and performers to interact, fostering a sense of unity and collaboration within the music.

Understanding this concept is essential for recognizing how different musical styles utilize interaction, enhancing the richness of the performance.