What do time signatures indicate in music?

Time signatures play a crucial role in music by indicating the number of beats in each measure. They provide a framework for how the music is structured and how rhythms are organized. The top number of the time signature specifies how many beats are contained in each measure, while the bottom number indicates the note value that represents one beat, such as quarter notes or eighth notes.

Understanding time signatures helps musicians interpret and perform music accurately. For example, a time signature of 4/4 means there are four beats per measure, which is one of the most common time signatures in Western music. This clarity in beat organization supports the overall rhythm and flow of the piece, guiding performers in their timing and phrasing.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary function of time signatures. While the number of measures in a piece or the mood and instruments might contribute to the musical experience, these elements are governed by other aspects of musical notation and composition. Therefore, focusing on the number of beats in each measure encapsulates the essential purpose of time signatures in music.