What characterizes a Bach chorale?

The defining characteristic of a Bach chorale is its rich harmonic textures composed for four voices. In the context of Johann Sebastian Bach's work, chorales are essentially harmonized hymns that are typically arranged for four vocal parts: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. This format allows for intricate vocal interplay and a lush sound texture, creating a balanced and harmonious experience that is central to the choral tradition.

Bach often integrated these chorales into larger works, such as cantatas and passions, using them to convey theological and emotional depth. The harmonic structure of these chorales is also notable, showcasing Bach's mastery of counterpoint and voice leading, which further contributes to their richness.

This understanding of the chorale's structure and function highlights why it is predominant in choral works from the Baroque period, distinguishing it from other forms that may focus on instrumentation, solo performances, or rhythmic characteristics like dance styles.